Bacteria in Dairy Farms

The War Against Bacteria That Cause Diseases in Dairy Farms

Author: Mayer Fitoussi

At the robotic dairy farm at Beit Shearim, Israel (run by Mr. Eran Marmor, a third generation dairy farmer) equipment for purifying water by magnetic Bio-Hi-Tech was installed in order to treat for lime deposits and to convert the dairy water into magnetized water. Up until the installation, tests of filters found 7,000 e-coli were found per cubic centimeter. Today after the installation of the magnetic Bio-Hi-Tech equipment of Aqua Soft, tests by Mr. Marmor and the Health Ministry, only 2,000 e-coli were found per cubic centimeter. This is to say that the amount of the diseases causing bacteria in dairy farms was reduced significantly in addition it was tested and found that the number of somatic cells in the milk was also reduced.

The scientific explanation for the better efficiency of the disinfecting and cleaning equipment in the dairy farm: Magnetized water increases the influence of sub-caloric sodium in the disinfection process. In addition the magnetized water preserved the level of disinfectants in the water longer than in ordinary water. Laboratory tests show that magnetized water increases the efficiency of the disinfectant. In other words, water that has undergone the Bio-Hi-Tech magnetic process of Aqua Soft stabilizes the pH level. It dissolves and mixes the disinfectants and chemicals better in the water and improves the efficiency of the dairy equipment against the disease causing bacteria.

One of the dangers in a dairy farm is the outbreak of chronic disease in cows, among them udder infection (mastpilococus orius). There are bacteria that develop in the udder tissues of cows causing this disease a syndrome that causes infections and the milk to undergo organolyptic changes (taste, smell, color, and texture). Other bacteria can also pass through the udder in the milk (malta tubrcolosis, lyptospirosis, leucosis and Q-malaria) There are also "environmental bacteria" that pollute the milk from the environment poisoning the milk and causing disease. However there are also other bacteria that exist in milk without causing immediate harm to the milk or its users.

Treatment, cleaning and filtering of water by the magnetic Bio-Hi-Tech greatly reduces the number of bacteria colonies, secreted by feces and are present in the dairy equipment. The magnetized water, chemical free, separates and exterminates bacteria and other cells that cause disease, by altering the ionic charge thereby improving the quality of the milk and considerably reducing the somatic cells in the milk.

Other findings at the Marmor dairy farm: cows drink more water today than in the past and so are healthier. The entrepreneur and dairy farmer Marmor found less infections and hair loss in the cows, no whit spots on their backs from lime and they look better. Their skins are glossier; they breathe better and are more alert, another finding – an increase of milk production of the dairy.

The General Manager of Aqua Soft, Mayer Fitoussi, claims that "Drinking water that is purified and filtered by magnetic Bio-Hi-Tech is tastier to the cows and increases milk production." It is known that cows are sensitive to smell and taste hence improving the taste and smell increases their attraction to water. The Marmor dairy found that cows preferred the Aqua Soft water (it was possible to clearly see the large quantities of micro metallic particles and other pollutants present in the Aqua Soft system and filter when dismantled and cleaned at the Marmor Dairy farm.

The new technology eliminates the odor of chlorine and traps pollutants in the filter thus increasing the solvency of minerals in the water and the passing of nutrients. It also improves the taste and smell and increases water consumption in the dairy. The increased consumption of the naturally cleaned and purified water improves digestion, prevents multiplying of harmful bacteria and reduces the need for medication.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS:

Water that has undergone magnetic Bio-Hi-Tech purification can help dairy farms in several ways.
• Treat and prevent udder infection and milk tuberculosis.
• Treat and prevent diseases by means of cell and hormonal protection.
• Improve the physical condition of cows and calves at birthing and after.
• Improve by-products if the dairy by reducing odors, flies and improving the quality of the waste matter.
• Reduce environmental pollution caused by the use of chemicals in the dairy.
• Energy saving, 10% reduction in water heating costs.
• Additional saving in wear and tear expenses due to less rust and corrosion.

The dairy owner gets additional value without the use of polluting chemicals and no maintenance costs along with increased dairy production.

The cost of a magnetic Bio-Hi-Tech system for improving the conditions for dairy owners and his dairy and to receive maximum output, recommended to install a filter for each drinking trough.

http://www.aqua-israel.co.il/

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/press-releases-articles/the-war-against-bacteria-that-cause-diseases-in-dairy-farms-193783.html

About the Author

Aqua Soft Natural
http://www.aqua-israel.co.il/

Dairy Production

Improved Dairy Production and Processing Through Training Programmes

Author: Dr.Dalip K. Gosain

The Farm Science Centres known as 'Krishi Vigyan Kendra' (KVK) are functional in various districts of India for imparting vocational training to different clientele groups. KVK at the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal has been functioning since 1976. The main aim of KVK is to develop entrepreneurship amongst the rural people especially the farmers, farm-women rural youth and the entrepreneurs in different areas of agriculture, dairying, fisheries, bee-keeping and home science for enhancing productivity, increasing income and employment for the welfare of human beings.

This KVK Karnal conducts various need-based and skill-oriented training programmes for different target groups to enhance production in their mixed farming system of crop and dairy husbandry with a special emphasis on scientific dairying, which has immense potential for increasing income and employment in the rural areas.

KVK, NDRI has developed infrastructure to organise skill oriented training programmes through "Learning by Doing". After training, follow up extension programmes are undertaken. While designing the courses, the entire concept of farming system approach is taken into consideration to make the vocation economically viable and sustainable for the farm families.

In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the various training courses organized by the KVK Karnal in the year 2004 in Dairy Production and Dairy Processing. Results of the impact of different training programmes conducted particularly in scientific dairy farming have been discussed.

In the year 2004 this KVK organized 70 on campus trainings in which 1442 trainees participated and in 35 off-campus trainings 640 beneficiaries were imparted training. In the total 105 training programmes, gender wise analysis indicated that out of the total 2082 beneficiaries 860 were practising farmers, 509 farm-women, 487 rural youth and 226 girls. For the selected beneficiaries of Intensive Dairy Development Project operating in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh State 17different training programmes were organized in the year 2004 in which 346 farm women and 219 farmers were trained in scientific dairy farming.

Out of the total 70 on-campus training programmes 46 were organized in the area of dairy production and processing. In dairy production out of the total 41 trainings 18 were organized for 357 dairy farmers of Karnal district. Although the mandate of the KVK is to work in the district only but due to the excellence developed by the staff of this KVK, 23 sponsored trainings were also oraginsed for 608 beneficiaries from other states of the country in addition to two trainees from neighoubring country Sri Lanka. In the area of dairy processing five training courses were organized in which 59 entrepreneurs participated.

This KVK organized 38 one day training cum visits and study tours during 2004 for 1219 farmers and farm women of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttranchal, Haryana, Bihar and Jharkhand states who were provided the first hand knowledge on scientific dairy farming at NDRI

Impact of the training porgarmmes in the area of Dairy Production

After attending various training programmes in the area of scientific dairy farming a visible impact have been observed in the district Karnal and other states of the country. A large number of dairy farmers in various villages of Karnal district have been enoroumusly benefited by attending the training programmes.

It was found in the periodically conducted surveys in the district Karnal that a large number of dairy farmers have developed the elite herds of cross-bred by adopting technologies pertaining to cross breeding, some of the dairy cattle yielded up to 45 litres of milk per day. The trainees not only sell the milk in the town or through scientific dairy farms but the superior germ plasm of cross-bred cattle have gone to various states of the country through cross bred animals.

In a study conducted by the NDRI in various villages of the Karnal indicated that the knowledge level of the respondents in areas of dairying, viz., breeding, feeding health care, management and fodder production was 35.42, 48.56, 51.28, 53.43 and 56.04 per cent, respectively whereas, the extent of adoption of recommended dairy farming practices was 73.76, 68.32, 61.56, 63.60 and 37.53 per cent in these areas respectively. The overall adoption level was 58.26 per cent.

A contemporary survey conducted amongst the beneficiaries of in the Parwanoo area of Himachal Pradesh state revealed that for feeding the dairy animals stall-feeding has increased by 11 per cent. Milk yield increased from 2.66 to 4.01 litres in cows and from 2.52 to 4.16 litres in buffaloes. Some individual beneficiaries have also adopted ‘Paneer' making and the women beneficiaries have started a Self Help Group and were manufacturing mineral mixture required for feeding to the dairy animals. In Ropar district of Punjab and Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh states a large number of the trainees who attending training programmes at this KVK have adopted scientific dairy farming. There are enormous case studies and success stories those have been produced as a result of effective trainings organized in scientific dairy farming at this KVK.

An unemployed rural youth of Jhanda Jikirao village of Ropar district have started manufacturing urea molasses mineral block lick to be fed to the dairy animals. In the areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh the trainees have reduced their herd size by removing the unproductive and low producing dairy animals which remained a burden on the scarce feeding resources with the farmers of the rain-fed areas.

Impact of the training porgarmmes in the area of Dairy Processing

In the area of dairy processing, methodologies for separation of cream from milk, preparation of butter, indigenous dairy products like ‘ghee', ‘channa', ‘khoa', curd, ‘paneer', ‘burfi', ‘kalakand', ‘gulabjamun', ‘rasogolla', etc. were demonstrated through training programmes to the small-scale dairy owners and entrepreneurs. Small-scale dairy owners and the trainees have adopted these technologies. There are nearly 70 small-scale dairies in Karnal district and each dairy handles around 2-16 quintals of milk per day depending upon the infrastructure facilities with the dairy owners and the availability of milk. Most dairy owners have adopted the dairy processing technologies. The KVK experts have helped the trainees in formulating the projects and provided the information for the required equipments to start this venture in addition to the training programmes.

Conclusion:

Based on the analysed data and the impact studies it was found that after attending the various training Prograames there was gain in knowledge and skill of the beneficiaries. After adoption of the newer technologies learnt by the entrepreneurs they experienced significant gain in income and employment. It is recommended that various KVK should tailor and organise need based vocational training programmes for entrepreneurship development so that the rural people are benefited.

It is imperative that the dairying being an integral component under the mixed farming system need be strengthened in the shuttle cities of different states and in blocks around the major towns of India. This will help in achieving the sustainable production and in turn will increase the income and employment in the rural areas. It is also recommended that through such training programmes organized by the vocational Dairy Training Centres (DTCs) in Pakistan, Sri Lanka Bangladesh and Nepal socio-economic conditions of the rural farm families could further be improved through scientific dairy farming.

***********

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/improved-dairy-production-and-processing-through-training-programmes-222631.html

About the Author

DALIP K. GOSAIN, Ph.D
Senior Scientist & Head
National Dairy Research Institute
(Deemed University)
KARNAL132 001 Haryana,INDIA.

Dairy Processing

Dairy Production and Processing as an Enterprise: Retrospect and Prospects

Author: Dr.Dalip K. Gosain

Dairy Production and Processing as an Enterprise: Retrospect and Prospects

DALIP K. GOSAIN

Programme Coordinator

Krishi Vigyan Kendra & Dairy Training Centre

National Dairy Research Institute

Karnal 132001

In India the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) sector plays a pivotal role in the overall industrial economy of the country. It is estimated that in terms of value, the sector accounts for about 39 per cent of the manufacturing output and around 33 per cent of the total export of the country. Further, in recent years the MSE sector has consistently registered higher growth rate compared to the overall industrial sector. The major advantage of the sector is its employment potential at low capital cost. As per available statistics, this sector employs an estimated 31 million persons spread over 12.8 million enterprises and the labour intensity in the MSE sector is estimated to be almost 4 times higher than the large enterprises. (1)

Definition for SMEs is often considered to be an obstacle for business studies and market research. Definitions in use today define thresholds in terms of employment, turnover and assets. They also incorporate a reasonable amount of flexibility around year-to-year changes in these measures so that a business qualifying as an SME in one year can have a reasonable expectation of remaining an SME in the next. The thresholds themselves, however, vary substantially between countries. As the SME thresholds dictate to some extent the provision of government support, countries in which manufacturing and labour-intensive industries are prioritized politically tend to opt for more relaxed thresholds. [1]

India has witnessed remarkable increase in milk production from 17 million tonnes in 1951 to 110 million tonnes in 2010. This increased milk production is because of the scientific interventions made in the areas of scientific dairy farming being practiced under rural situation or by the geometrical propagation of the dairy animals is of great concern to all of us. But it is an admitted fact that the technologies developed in the areas of dairy production and processing have grown fast especially in the last two decades and adoption of these technologies have enhanced the overall milk production in the country.

Dairying in India is being practice as a integral component of the mixed farming system and is the most prevalent farming system in the country. Production of milk from the cattle and buffaloes comprises of Dairy production whereas making different products from the milk is considered as Dairy Processing in a broader sense.

It's only in the recent past that diary production and processing have emerged out as enterprises which have immense potential for generating income and employment especially in the rural areas and also amongst the entrepreneurs in urban areas. .  Krishi Vigyan Kendra and the erstwhile Trainees Trainer Centre (TTC) now known as Dairy Trainers Centre (DTC) of National Dairy Research Institute, is functioning since July, 1976 and till December, 2009 the Kendra and the training centres have organized 1,245 training programmes on Scientific Dairy Farming in which 26,409 beneficiaries were trained whereas in the area of dairy processing 99 training were organized in which 1313 were trained.

In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the various enterprises in the area of dairy production and processing in which the trainees were benefited the success stories can replicated in different states of the country by the entrepreneurs to take up dairy farming or dairy processing as a venture for earning the livelihood that will not only generate income for them only but will provide employment who will be employed at their units.

Small Scale and Commercial Dairy Farming Units:

India ranks first in the world as per the milk production is concerned to the tune of 110 million tones. As on today the country has around 199.5 million buffaloes and around 100 million cattle. The country has the wealth of 58 percent buffaloes and around 16 percent cattle of the world. The concept of Scientific Dairy Farming if adopted in totally could be a boom for the Dairy farm families and as well as the entrepreneurs.

Various studies has been conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra have indicated that the trainees have gained the knowledge as well has shown high level of the adoption of the technologies in the area of animal breeding, feeding and health care management and clean milk production that has lead to more milk productions whereby the gain in income has been experienced by the beneficiaries.

The concept of commercial dairy farming is coming up in the country as a whole and the young entrepreneurs both from the rural and urban areas are taking it up as enterprise as the same is also being backed up by the state Dairy Development Departments as well as the banking sector. A handful of the case studies conducted and the impact analysis analyzed through the capacity building programmes organized by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras and Dairy Training Centers are presented here.

In district Karnal the Scientific Dairy Farming is being practiced by the dairy farmers and farm families and by adoption of the dairy production technologies they are getting more milk now through their dairy animals whereby their income has increased. The commercial dairy farmers in the district are having a herd size of 75 diary animals comprising both cattle and buffaloes. They are producing the milk to the tunes of 10-12 hundred liter per day which they are selling to organized processing units.

Dairy farming in a system's perspective has various sub-systems like breeding, feeding, fodder production, fodder conservation, health care, management, shelters and milk production.  Each of these sub-systems has a direct or indirect bearing on the herd productivity. There is need that the animal breeders and the dairy farmers should under stand the significance of each sub-system of dairy farming which requires systematic planning, so that the sustainable dairy production continues through scientific breeding of dairy animals.

In various areas of breeding, feeding, health care and management skills could be developed whereby using these entrepreneurs can take any of these ventures for earning their livelihood.

Breeding: In this area of dairy farming the progressive dairy farmers of the district Karnal and from other district of Haryana, Punjab states are producing elite cross breed cattle like Karan Fries as well as Murah buffaloes which they are selling at higher prize whereby they are gaining income from this venture. Some of the young unemployed youth may be identified in various districts and be trained as lay inseminators in providing Artificial Insemination services for dairy animals in villages this will provide employment to these youth in the rural areas and rural people will be benefited from the services provided by them for their dairy animals.

Feeding: In the area of feeding through adoption of the cost effective technologies the milk production cost has been lowered whereby the dairy farmers have gained in income. Through the silage making and feeding technologies the commercial dairy farmers are getting good income.  Some of the progressive dairy farmers have established at their own dairy farms small scale feed formulation unit. Based on the complete  ration formulation technologies provided by the NDRI experts these enterprising dairy farmers are making the cattle feed at their farm as they are not purchasing the costly feed from other agencies whereby they are saving money.

One of the entrepreneur have established feed formulation factory at Karnal and the factory is producing the complete feed in quintals every day and the same is being sold at Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pardesh. Entrepreneurs can take up this activity as a business enterprise.

Mineral mixture is essentially required and is to be fed to dairy animals. It was observed that a self help group of women of Parmanu area of Solan District after imparted training were manufacturing mineral mixture which they were not only feeding to their dairy animals but were also engaged in selling it to other dairy farm families at a cheaper price with better quality. The entrepreneurs can learn the lesson from these examples and can enter in the venture they are interested in.

The KVKs can play an important role to promote Dairy Production and Dairy Processing as an Enterprise through training programmes. Since July 1976 till December 2009 KVK of NDRI organized total 3601 trainings in which:  74,706 participants were trained. Out of all training programmes this KVK organized 1245 trainings on Scientific Dairy Farming and 99 on Dairy Processing in which 26,409 and 1313 participants were trained.

The experts of this KVK could record the highest milk yield of 59.5 Kg. in one cross bred cattle in one day on 21-22 February 2009 in a village. The trainees not only sell the milk in the town or to the milk plants through scientific dairy farms but the superior germ plasm of cross-bred cattle have gone to various states of the country through cross bred animals. In a study conducted in ten villages of Karnal indicated that the knowledge level of the respondents in areas of dairying, viz., breeding, feeding health care, management and fodder production was 35.42, 48.56, 51.28, 53.43 and 56.04 per cent, respectively whereas, the extent of adoption of recommended dairy farming practices was 73.76, 68.32, 61.56, 63.60 and 37.53 per cent in these areas respectively. The overall adoption level was 58.26 per cent.

Impact of the training porgarmmes in the area of Dairy Processing

In the area of dairy processing, methodologies for separation of cream from milk, preparation of butter, indigenous dairy products like ‘ghee', ‘channa', ‘khoa', curd, ‘paneer', ‘burfi', ‘kalakand', ‘gulabjamun', ‘rasogolla', etc. were demonstrated through training programmes to the small-scale dairy owners and entrepreneurs. Small-scale dairy owners and the trainees have adopted these technologies. There are nearly 70 small-scale dairies in Karnal district and each dairy handles around 2-16 quintals of milk per day depending upon the infrastructure facilities with the dairy owners and the availability of milk. Most dairy owners have adopted the dairy processing technologies. The KVK experts have helped the trainees in formulating the projects and provided the information for the required equipments and skills to start this venture.

Conclusion:
Based on the analyzed data and the impact studies it was found that after attending the various training prograames on dairy production and processing there was gain in knowledge and skill of the beneficiaries. After adoption of the newer technologies learnt by the entrepreneurs they experienced significant gain in income and employment. It is recommended that various KVK should tailor and organize need based vocational training programmes for entrepreneurship development so that the dairy production and processing as enterprises are promoted  to benefit the rural people.

References:
[1]wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprises+sector+accounts+for+about+39%+of+the+manufacturing+output

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/communication-articles/dairy-production-and-processing-as-an-enterprise-retrospect-and-prospects-3927121.html

About the Author

Jersey Cow Milk Cheese

How Jersey Cow Milk Cheese is Produced

Author: Kirti S

Exceeding than forty percent of total milk production in the UK is utilized for preparing the cheese. The necessity of nutrient containing milk is vital and this has been observed that the Jersey cows of smaller type can actually be effective for conservation the resources like the land, fuel and water while offering excellent quality produce. In comparison to products of Holstein, Jersey Cow Milk Cheese lessens waste output and greenhouse gas emissions to a significant extent. Numbers shows that carbon footprint in respect of a Jersey breed is twenty percent lesser than the standard Holstein breeds. From latest assessment it has been found that another reason for lovers of Jersey Cow Milk Cheese to become more interested in this type of cheese is its environment friendly properties.

Different advantages

It is opined by the American Society for Animal Science that Jersey Cow Milk Cheese making lessens the impact upon the environment and safeguards the limited quantum of resources obtainable for the production of commercial type. The logic is very simple since the lower body mass of the cows needs lesser type of maintenance and the nutrient density of the food becomes greater. This subsequently builds up the tastes better in case of Jersey Cow Milk Cheese compared to other derivatives. The need of water utilization is lower in case of Jerseys and more fat and protein is found in the milk. The savings are limited to the maintenance and diet of the animals, however, these breeds are easy to transport in bulk numbers and minimum time is needed in processing the same from the unrefined milk.

Demand of the product

The Jersey owners utilize a majority portion of the milk for production purposes and the demand is more for double cream cheese. When you are having limited resources for investment, processing some additional quantum appears to be an easy option. For its great demand in the homes of UK, the cheese although being sold at a cost effective price actually have great number of consumers. In many cases, the initial homemade amenities have turned into total commercial making divisions. Milk obtained from Jersey cows are enriched with butter fats and becomes helpful for making double cream cheese. It is observed that the total number of cows which produce the identical amount of quantum for consumption from the cattle of Holstein is much more in respect to Jerseys, and studies show that it does not cross even twenty six percent of that would have been needed in case of Holstein cattle. Moreover, although the production is of smaller type, the ultimate product that is obtained by churning of the milk appears to be favourable in respect to Jerseys. Being nutrient dense, smaller quantum of milk is required to produce the targeted amounts of products. Jersey Cow Milk Cheese and the double cream cheese being known as its derivative is in great demand of every UK homes. The cheese is used for breakfast, snacks, and whole meals and with drinks also.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/food-and-beverage-articles/how-jersey-cow-milk-cheese-is-produced-6901955.html

About the Author

Kirti S is a web enthusiast and a writer. Kirti has afforded his articles and write-ups autonomously and through various online forums.

Get more information on: Jersey Cow Milk Cheese

Tractor Manufacturers

1        1. AGCO GmbH & Co., Germany.

2. Deutz-Fahr Agrarsysteme GmbH, Germany.

3. Fendt, Germany

4. Hurlimann, Germany

5. Sauerburger, Germany

6. Case Corporation, USA

7. CNH Global N.V., USA

8. John Deere, USA

9. Massey Ferguson, USA

10. Tructor, USA

11. Zetor, USA

     12. Antonio Carraro S.p.A., Italy

     13. Agris Srl. Italy

     14. Aratri

     15. Barbieri Srl, Italy

     16. Camisa F.Lli Di Roberto, Massimo & C. Snc, Italy

     17. Durso Srl

     18. Ereppi

     19. Finotto

     20. Goldini SpA, Italy.

     21. Lamborghini, Italy.

     22. Landini S.p.A., Italy

Top Cow Breeds

Top Cow Breeds in North America

Author: Mary Ann Porsuelo

We have our preferences, especially when it comes to raising cows and cattle and making it big in the market. It would depend on the country and its market to choose which cow breeds to favor above the others. Here are the top cow breeds in North America today:

Ayshires: This breed is generally red and white in color, with the red color varying from very light to very dark shades. There are cows and bulls that may be nearly covered all in red or nearly all in white. Brindle and roan colors are rare in Ayshires today, although it was once common.

The Ayshires possess great ability to rustle and forage for themselves when under adverse conditions. They can adapt to rugged terrains and harsh conditions better than most cow breeds, and this makes them an outstanding commercial cow breed. They are strong and easy to raise.

Brown Swiss: Also called Braunvieh, this cow breed is brown in color, with a creamy white muzzle and dark nose. This is another strong breed, well-balanced, with a good physique, and can also adapt to harsh conditions.

The Brown Swiss are used both for dairy and beef purposes, as they provide good milk and meat output. The Brown Swiss are also known among milk producers for their good milk, protein, and butterfat production. Their milk also makes great cheese because of their very favorable fat-to-protein ratio.

Guernsey: The Guernsey can vary from yellow to red or brown, with white patches. This is one calm breed, neither irritable nor nervous. Their appearance is that of an animal born with great physical form.

It is the Guernsey's behavior and individuality that attracts many breeders and producers towards it. Dairy and meat production is no problem with their well-balanced body. Their calm attitude and fine temperament makes them great for utility.

Holstein: The Holsteins are the most recognizable cow breed, with the trademark color of black and white. There are also Holsteins that are red and white. The Holstein is a desirable cow breed for producers, as the breed produces both milk and meat. Their milk production rate is observed to be constantly improving, too.

Jersey: The Jersey's color is light brown, though there are those with colors that range from grey to a dull black. White patches are also present, with some Jerseys almost covered by them. Perhaps the main distinctive feature of the Jersey is its black nose border by an almost white muzzle. Another defining trait is its hard black feet, which contributes to strong legs that makes the breed a sturdy and strong one.

Dairy Shorthorn: The Dairy Shorthorns can be red, red and white, white, or roan. The roan-colored Shorthorn has a specific shade of roan that cannot be seen in the other cow breeds. Despite their name, the Dairy Shorthorn can be horned or polled. The Shorthorns' milk is best for making cheese because of its most favorable fat-to-protein ratio.

The Dairy Shorthorns are gentle and quiet in nature, and they can fit well with the other breeds. The Shorthorns also have the ability to recover quickly and have few physical problems. They especially have strong feet and legs. The female Shorthorns make excellent mothers, and have been used as “foundation” females in the introduction of European breeds to Australia.

It is debatable which cow breed is the best. Perhaps, it will never be known which is the best among them because of each has individuality and benefits for the producer and consumer markets. Nevertheless, these remain to be the top cow breeds in North America.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-opportunities-articles/top-cow-breeds-in-north-america-579985.html

About the Author

The author of this article is currently working on Holstein Embryo. Feel free to contact her at keywriterm@gmail.com for any inquiries or concerns.

Friesian Cows

Friesian Cows - Facts And Figures

Author: John J Kelly

With the definitive origins of Friesian cows being undetermined, the traces of the breed have been tracked back to Jutland where herds of cows with the characteristic black and white colourations grazed the fields. These Friesians were imported into Holland in the 1700's to replace fallen stock that became victim of floods and disease. This stock was then cross bred with the remaining Dutch cattle to form the beginnings of what is now recognised as Friesians, which became the mainstay of stock in the modern world. However, during the mid-1900's in the United States, the popularity of this breed declined as emphasis was placed on the purity of colour.

The common place breeding of Friesians with Holsteins has resulted in the majority of modern breed being a cross-breed, which is perfectly suited as a grazing animal which is adaptable for a wide range of grassland while exhibiting high levels of lactation over sustained periods. Being selectively bred over hundreds of years, this breed are now the preferred dairy cow in New Zealand and as a result, there are a number of reputable agents that specialise in Friesian cows for sale.

The typical characteristic of these cattle are the two patched colour types, being either white and black or white and red. Being similar size to the Holstein breed, Friesian cows for sale in New Zealand have become the mainstay of the New Zealand dairy industry exhibiting high protein levels, higher fat levels as well elevated lactation levels and frequency. Additionally, they are renown for their ability to calve more frequently, calve more often in their lifetime, require less replacements, have lower cell counts and exceed other breeds in respect to the quality of milk produced. As a result, Friesian cows for sale in New Zealand are noted for their high lifetime yields, high quality and lean meat they deliver as well as the superior milk they produce.

With the need to increase dairy productivity, farmers are coming under increasing pressure to get the most out of their land. The use of fertilisers, feed additives and other performance enhancing methods are now commonplace in an effort to increase lactose production, calving and productivity per acre. The quality of the stock on the farms is one of the key factors in increasing this production, with the ability of the stock to effectively react to these inputs. Friesian cows are renowned for the ability to positively react to these farming investments, and as a result, are always in high demand within the New Zealand dairy industry.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/agriculture-articles/friesian-cows-facts-and-figures-5457508.html

About the Author

Kelly Livestock is the largest independently owned livestock Company in the Taranaki Region. If you are looking for cattle, dairy cows / herds for sale take a look at Friesian Cows for sale online here : www.cows4sale.co.nz

Breeding Cattle

Breeding Cattle - 5 Tips to Learn How to Breed Cattle Properly

Author: Tim Smith

One of the most important aspects of cattle farming that a farmer should spend a good amount of attention to is breeding cattle. Breeding cattle not only means more stock in the herd to sell but more cows to use for future breeding as well. What you have to understand when it comes to breeding cattle is that the activity requires balance between genetics and actual herd management. Without these, you will not only be left with abnormal, ill-fitting cows but will be spending more time and money on feeding and extra work to get them to meet standards. If you are a cattle farmer and are trying to learn how to breed cattle properly, here are a few tips to try:

•    Always be selective within your own herd. You should be able to distinguish good animals from those with health and body structure problems because keeping only the best not only produces the best cows but also saves up on time and energy for work during breeding time.

•    Remember to have a full body scan of your bulls before using them for breeding. You can have them checked for STDs, sperm count, take them for physical health check-ups, and the like.

•    When choosing bulls for breeding, select those that have been known to have produced high quality calves. Once you've found that bull, you can either keep him in your herd of just artificially inseminate your cows using a wide range of bulls. Though this gives you more options to choose from, artificial insemination requires more work on your part.

•    When breeding cattle, always keep your cattle in a healthy environment and in good condition. Many mistakes done before breeding can cause significant problems to the entire process. For example, if you overfeed or underfeed your cows, it not only lessens their chances of conceiving but increases the calf's health risks at birth.

•    For future breeding activities, it would be best to record breeding dates. Do so accurately as this will help you prepare for future pregnancy signs in your cows and will determine how soon your cows will conceive.

Accomplish most of these tips when breeding cattle and you'll be sure to produce award-winning calves. Though it may be a bit more stressful, the success that you get from breeding is a self-fulfilling one that you'd want to develop your skills even more.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/pets-articles/breeding-cattle-5-tips-to-learn-how-to-breed-cattle-properly-1460768.html

About the Author

Breeding cattle can improve quality of life and provide great satisfaction and responsibility for families. Explore your options and then decide. If you would like more tips on breeding cattle, please visit http://www.howtoraisecattle.com

Israel Dairy Farming Method

The Benefits of Learning the Israel Dairy Farming Method

Author: Aarav

Starting a dairy farm of your own is no small task. It requires meticulous planning and you need to have the best practices in place so that the health of your cows is in best condition, so that it produces the highest quality milk every day. You can get an edge over your competitor buy making use of the latest in dairy farming practices such that your cows produce more milk and one which is of the highest quality, giving you greater yield and profits. In order to get such results, you need to get started with the Israel Dairy Farming method.

Information about the Israel Dairy Farming is available through seminars. These seminars address every issue related to dairy farming ranging from milk production to cow's health, implementing computerized feed management and much more. They give you all information about how a dairy in Israel is maintained which uses the latest dairy farming practices and cattle breeding methods. Here is a look at what you can learn by attending an Israeli dairy farming seminar:

• Best cattle nutrition and optimal feeding practices
• How to breed cows in the best way and fertility management
• How to maintain milk quality at its highest
• How to bring about high production from cow, even under hot climatic conditions
• How to raid calves and heifers
• Learn the benefits of the Parlor milking system
• How to keep cow cool and comfortable
• How to prevent cattle from succumbing to diseases

These are some of the things that you will learn in their seminar and there are lots more. By joining such a seminar or undertaking a course that teaches you the techniques used in a Dairy in Israel, you will become adept in managing your farm excellently while getting the highest quantity milk from it, setting your farm apart from others. Your daily milk production will be quick. The unique breeding principles of the Israeli dairy farming method will improve cattle health which is very essential for breeding and giving high milk production. You will learn the complete methodology for dairy farming which when implemented in your farm will make your dairy farming activities more efficient, thus enabling you to save more money while gaining higher sales through milk sales. You will learn all economic aspects of dairy farming giving you the knowledge on how best to maintain your dairy farm with minimal spending, while at the same time not compromising on quality of cattle feed, health and other aspects.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/drinks-articles/the-benefits-of-learning-the-israel-dairy-farming-method-6700217.html

About the Author

For more information, Israel dairy farming.

Measuring Profitability on a Dairy Farm

Author: Marc R. Sholder

One of the most frustrating management tasks on any dairy farm certainly has to be the evaluation of a farm's financial position. In light of the recent volatility with respect to the key components impacting profitability, the last thing most owners want to spend time doing is analyzing their operations financial position. This can no doubt be a daunting task for owners and farm advisers alike. However, by gathering a few necessary financial statements, including beginning and ending balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements a dairy producer and his advisers can begin to analyze the financial performance of the farming operation.  This analysis is the primary quantitative measure of business performance. There are two key metrics that adequately measure and begin to help benchmark profitability. Return on Investment, sometimes referred to as Return on Assets, illustrates the amount of income a farm was able to generate with the assets that were available. The DuPont Model uses two key components, margin and turnover, to shed light on profitability.

Return on Investment (ROI) is a simple rate of return calculation, amount of return/amount invested.  In the case of a dairy operation, we can use net income, from the income statement as the "amount of return" and average total assets as the "amount invested." It is important to use average total assets as the denominator. Using the balance sheet from the beginning of the year and the balance sheet from the end of the year, one can calculate average total assets (prior year end total assets + current year end total assets/2). One must use the average total assets because the total assets from one balance sheet only represents a point in time while the net income is representative of income earned over the entire year.

Let's look at a simple ROI example. Feed Additive X claims to increase milk yield by 1 pound per cow and costs $0.12/head/day to feed. At a milk price of $16/cwt, the ROI would be 33% ($0.16-$0.12/$0.12= $0.33.) Put another way, for every $1.00 spent on Feed Additive X, the cows will generate $1.33 in increased milk revenue. Remember, this is a simple example. More thorough analysis of year-end numbers and historical performance is vital for making sound management decisions.

The DuPont Model expands upon the basic Return on Investment calculation. Incorporating margin and turnover, the DuPont Model allows users of financial statements to easily determine where the strengths and weaknesses can be found in a dairy enterprise.  In other words, management and investors can much more easily identify the cause of changes to ROI from year to year.  The question of whether investment in assets, such as more land or equipment increased profitability or increased revenue from the sale of inventory or assets was the profitability driver. The two key elements of the DuPont Model are margin and turnover.  Margin, or earnings, is net income/sales (gross revenue) and specifically measures efficiency. Put another way, the margin is a way of expressing the net income resulting from each dollar of revenue. Turnover is sales/average total assets and measures how well assets are being utilized to generate revenue.

Most dairy producers and their advisers would benefit from a more thorough understanding of the DuPont Model.  Since turnover is concerned with how much revenue can be generated from the utilization of assets, it makes sense that many dairies hire custom operators to manage crops or send their young stock to a custom heifer raiser. By limiting these costly investments in assets such as machinery, facilities, and feedstuff inventories a manager has a positive impact on the turnover portion of the DuPont Model of ROI analysis.  Most of these reductions in assets, if done correctly will have no impact on gross revenue. The margin portion of the Model takes into account the impact that these business decisions have on profitability. Net income, a key part of margin, is the difference between gross revenue and total expenses. So, margin will allow the decision makers to determine whether the reduction in the assets associated with sending the young-stock to the custom grower is driving up expenses in such a way as to negatively impact profitability.

Every dairy producer should familiarize themselves with Return on Investment and the DuPont Model.  Many producers take the position that cutting expenses is the only way to remain profitable in volatile markets. The DuPont Model is invaluable for truly drilling down to areas of the business that are hindering financial performance. Understanding the specific areas of an operation that are driving profit or loss will make an operation more adaptable in uncertain market conditions. Seeking the counsel of an accountant or another adviser to become more familiar with the quantitative tools available is much easier than trying to figure out what could have been done differently to save a failing dairy.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/agriculture-articles/measuring-profitability-on-a-dairy-farm-2643221.html

About the Author

Marc Sholder is a Dairy Consultant with Cargill Inc. in southeastern Pennsylvania and an MBA student at West Chester University of Pennsylvania

Dairy Farming in New Zealand

Dairy Farming in New Zealand - An Overview

Author: Mark Holland

New Zealand's dairy farming industry is a crucial part of the country's economy. The agricultural sector in New Zealand accounts for two thirds of all exports and has an impressive global reputation. Meat, dairy and other livestock product is revered worldwide for its consistently high quality. The dairy industry supplies the entire country and still exports enough to be the eighth largest milk producer, accounting for 2.2% of the world's production; quite astounding figures for a country of just over four million.

The country's dairy industry rose from humble beginnings during early European colonisation. In the nineteenth century, dairy farming began to expand with the introduction of farming co-operatives. These farmer-owned dairy companies aided the industry's growth substantially. Six years after the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, farming exporting began. New Zealand farmer's arranged the first refrigerated shipments from Dunedin to London in 1882.

There were 600 processing factories open by 1920, the majority owned by co-operatives. The number of co-operatives was growing quickly, and by the beginning of World War II 500 existed in the country. The war brought new technologies and methods of transportation that would lead to a surge in mergers between the country's co-operatives which grew larger and larger. Soon the number dwindled until only four co-operatives existed in the 1990s.

From dairy farming, New Zealand exports a number of different products in huge volume. Fonterra is the largest processing company in the country, responsible for over 90% of the dairy farm produced milk solids; the rest processed by Westland Milk Products, Tatua Co-Operative Dairy Company and Synlait. 2005 saw the number of dairy farms at 12,810, covering more than 2.1 million hectares of land.

In recent years, the dairy industry has come under some scrutiny because of negative environmental impacts on the country. Maintaining its ‘clean green' image, New Zealand quickly sought to remedy the environmental issues that dairy farming causes through the establishment of the Dairying and Clean Streams Accord. This agreement was signed by Fonterra, the Ministry for the Environment, the Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry as well as regional councils and aims to keep water suitable for fish, drinking and swimming by reducing dairying impacts through cattle and affluent discharge restrictions.

The number of the country's milking cows is approximately 4.2 million – almost on par with the human population! These cows are responsible for the export of over 11 billion NZD per year, making New Zealand's dairy industry a major part of the country's booming agricultural sector.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/agriculture-articles/dairy-farming-in-new-zealand-an-overview-5175535.html

About the Author

The Waibury group owns and operates a number of Dairy Farming New Zealand investments and grazing-support farms situated predominantly in the North Canterbury region of New Zealand.

Slurry Pump and Mixer Manufacturers List Worldwide

1. Brand Landtechnik, Germany.

2. Duraumat GmbH, Germany.

3. Eckart Maschinenbau, Germany

4. Franz Eisele GmbH, Germany

5. Bauer, Austria

6. ITT Flygt Pumpen GmbH, Germany

7. Pumpenfabrik Wangen GmbH, Germany

8. Erich Stallkamp ESTA GmbH, Germany

9. Tewe Elektronik GmbH, Germany

10. U.T.S. Umwelt Technik Sud GmbH, Germany

11. Vogelsang Maschinenbau GmbH, Germany

12. Zunhammer Gulletechnik, Germany

 13. Kimadan A/S, Denmark

 14. Landia A/S, Denmark

 15. LJM / Lind Jensens Maskinfabrik A/S, Denmark

 16. Samson Agro A/S, Denmark

 17. Caprari Spa, Italy

 18. Casella, Italy

 19. Comex Sas Di Fiorot Alberto & C., Italy

 20. Cremonesi Francesco Brevetti Spa, Italy

 21. Doda, Italy

 22. Devalle Sarl, France

 23. Flygt, France

 24. Gascoigne Melotte, France

               25. Maury Curetable, France

Manure Scraper Manufacturers List Worldwide

1. de Boer, Netherlands
2. Brouwers, Netherlands
3. Hoopman Machines BV, Netherlands.

4. Hiniker Co, USA.
5. Patz Sales Inc, USA.
6. Worksaver Inc, USA.

7. Gascoigne Melotte, France.

8. Manus, France.

9. Duraumat GmbH, Germany.

10. JOZ, Netherlands

Milking Parlour Manufacturers List Worldwide

1.     Afimilk, Israel.

2.     Dairymaster, Ireland.

3.     Agricultural Technology Ltd, UK.

4.     Ambic Equipment Ltd, UK.

5.     Arbel Electronics, UK.

6.     D & H Animal Husbandry, UK.

7.     Fullwood Ltd, UK.

8.     Milking Solutions (UK) Ltd, UK.

9.     AGRO Vertriebsgesellschaft GmbH, Germany.

10. Lely GmbH, Germany.

11. Vogelsang Maschinenbau GmbH, Germany.

12. Westfalia, Germany.

13. Mullerup Staldteknik A/S, Denmark.

14.  Strangko A/S, Denmark.

15. Bou-Matic, USA.

16. Milkline, Italy.

17. Superex Industries, India.

18. Pentec, Brazil.

Importance of Herd Management Software for Dairy Farms

          It is very important today to track and analyze information about the herd in a dairy farm. Dairy farmers need to have current and correct information in order to have business decisions. Additionally, accurate record keeping of cattle welfare, milking efficiency, feeding and breeding becoming more important. All these with the help of the technology can now be tracked with the help of software. These software programmes can be found in the market offered by different companies.

          The advantage of the herd management  system is that they save time with keeping the record thorough computers instead of manual recording. Additionally, these records can be tracked with mobile after loading them into the computer.

          With the help of these, analyzing and reporting phases of dairy management become much more easier. In these systems reliable sensors are used to track cattle measurements like temperature, blood, weight and feeding. To take an action against an emergent  situation about the cattle can be done faster by this way. All needed information like the number of the cattle, its photo, milking productivity, fat and proteins in the milk, feeding style can tracked and recorded.

Livestock Mats Manufacturers List Worldwide

      1. Gascoigne Melotte, France

      2. Manus, France

      3. STS Stabulex, France

      4. Weda GmbH, Germany

      5. de Boer, Netherlands

       6. E.G. ten Kate, Netherlands

      7. Vereijken, Netherlands

      8. Spinder, Netherlands

      9. Rexlan Europe APS, Denmark

      10. Kraiburg, Germany 

Mixer Feeder Wagon Manufacturers List Worlwide

1. Bergmann, Germany.

2. Fella Werke GmbH, Germany.

3. Kuhn GmbH, Germany.

4. Marmix, Germany.

5. AGM (W. van Schayik), Netherlands.

6. Agrimix (van Berkel), Netherlands

7. Derksen Landbouw, Netherlands.

8. Farasin (Gebr. Verbunt), Netherlands

9. Goweil, Netherlands

10. Holaras, Netherlands

11. Agrimec Ltd, Ireland

12. Blair Engineering Ltd, UK.

13. Hi-Spec Engineering Ltd, Ireland.

14. Kverneland (UK) Ltd, UK.

15. Mohrlang Manufacturing, USA.

16. New Direction Equipment Co., USA.

17. Rotomix Inc, USA.

18. Agrimec Ltd, Ireland

19. Casale, Brazil.

20. DCI Engineering (1996) Ltd, New Zealand.

21. Giltrap Engineering Ltd, New Zealand.

22. Hi-Spec Engineering Ltd, Ireland.

23. Itadistral, Brazil.

24. JF, Brazil.

25. Kverneland, Norway.

26. Mainero, Argentina.

27. Massey Ferguson, Brazil.

28. Ostroj Opava, Czech Republic.

29. Belair Sarl, France.

30. Calvet, France.

Milking Parlours - Types of Milking Machines - Robotic Milking Systems

                 Milking Machines are used to collect the milk from cattles automatically. In 15 minutes a cow can be harvested. Apart from its speed milking parlours also increase the hygiene and decrease the risk of mastitis.

                Herringbone Milking Parlours: Classical way of milking which have been used for more than 50 years. Include one single aisle with galvanized and SS construction. Both sides of the aisle include milking devices. The distance between the stalls is nearly 100 cm. Enables the operator to milk from rear legs of the cows. It can milk up to 500-600 cows.

               Parallel Milking Parlours: Whereas Herringbone type the distance between the stalls is nearly 70 cm. It also has 90 degree side by side stall construction.

              Rotary Milking Parlours: While the platform is rotating the operators can milk the cows. The normal number of the cows on rotary table is around 45-50. Rotary Parlours are very labour-efficient. Comparing to above mentioned two milking parlour types, rotary milking parlours are faster.

            Automatic milking robot : In this system all process is completed by computer lead milking machine. Cleaning and attaching the device all done by the machine automatically. There is no need for an operator to be presented during the process.

Compost Turner Troubleshooting Table

        Below you may find a useful information for the farms running a compost turner:

Problem	Reason	Solution
Drum is not mixing the material	Running Speed is too much	Decrease the speed.
	Material density is too much
No liquid from nozzles	Nozzle or Pipes are locked	Check the Nozzles and Pipes
	Water Pump is fault	Check the pump
Water pump is not working	Freezing	Separate the pump from the system and wait the freezing to end. Do not run under 0oC
	Not Driven	Check the pump drive coupling. Change the broken coupling.
Hydraulic Piston is not working	There is leakage in the connections.	Repair the leakages on hoses and connections.
	Running Pressure is not proper.	Arrange the pressure valve to 100 bar.
	Oil level is low	Add Hydraulic Oil
Tyre Air is under 60 psi.	Air Leakage on Tyre	Change the Tyre
	Problem in tyre Valve	Change the Vlave

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